基于环境效应的中国制造业全要素能源效率变动研究Research on Total Factor Energy Efficiency Change of China Manufacturing Industry Considering Environmental Effects:Based on DEA-Malmquist Index Empirical Study
王姗姗,屈小娥
摘要(Abstract):
以2003-2008年中国制造业28个行业面板数据为样本,选取行业固定资产净值年平均余额、年末从业人员数和能源消费为投入指标,行业总产值、SO2排放量为好和坏的产出指标,运用非参数数据包络分析的DEA-Malmquist生产率指数法测算了考虑环境效应的制造业行业全要素能源效率指数;并运用Tobit模型研究了全要素能源效率的影响因素。研究结果显示:考虑环境效应的中国制造业行业全要素能源效率总体呈现稳步增长趋势,但远低于不考虑环境污染时制造业全要素能源效率,技术进步是制造业全要素能源效率提高的主要原因;分行业看,重工业行业的全要素能源效率显著高于轻工业行业,且行业内部差异显著;全要素能源效率增长率较高的行业主要集中在垄断程度高、进入壁垒高的行业,增长率较低的行业主要是劳动密集型行业;外资水平、资本深化和市场竞争对轻工业的全要素能源效率有显著正向影响,企业规模的扩大对重工业提高能源效率有积极作用,外资水平提高在一定程度上降低了重工业的全要素能源效率。
关键词(KeyWords): 全要素能源效率;环境效应;Malmquist指数;Tobit模型
基金项目(Foundation): 陕西省社科基金(编号:10E078);; 西安交通大学人文社科基金项目(编号:SK2009027);西安交通大学基本科研业务费(编号:SK2010045)
作者(Author): 王姗姗,屈小娥
参考文献(References):
- [1]刘兆征.我国发展低碳经济的必要性及政策建议[J].中共中央党校学报,2009,(12):54-57.[Liu Zhaozheng.The Necessity andPolicy Suggestion of China's Development of Low-Carbon Economy[J].Journal of the Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C,2009(12):54-57.]
- [2]Fisher-Vanden K,Jefferson G H,Liu H M,et al.What is DrivingChina's Decline in Energy Intensity?[J].Resource and EnergyEconomics,2004,26(1):77-97.
- [3]刘红玫,陶全.大中型工业企业能源强度下降的动因探析[J].统计研究,2002,(9):30-34.[Liu Hongmei,Tao Quan.Decline inEnergy Intensity and Medium-sized Industrial Enterprises,theMotives Analysis[J].Statistical Research Journal,2002,(9):30-34.]
- [4]李廉水,周勇.技术进步能提高能源效率?[J].管理世界,2006,(10):82-89.[Li Lianshui,Zhou Yong.Technological AdvancesCan Improve Energy Efficiency[J].Management World Journal,2006,(10):82-89.].
- [5]杭雷鸣,屠梅曾.能源价格对能源强度的影响——以国内制造业为例[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2006,(12):93-100.[HangLeiming,Tu Meizeng.Impact of Energy Prices on Energy Intensity:Taking Domestic Manufacturing for Example[J].Journal of Economicand Technical Economic Studies,2006,(12):93-100.]
- [6]李力,王凤.中国制造业能源强度因素分解研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008,(10):66-74.[Li Li,Wang Feng.China'sManufacturing Industry Decomposition of Energy Intensity Factor[J].Quantitative Economics and Technical Economics Studies,2008,(10):66-74.]
- [7]李未无.对外开放与能源利用效率:基于35个工业行业的实证研究[J].国际贸易问题,2008,(6):7-15.[Li Weiwu.Opening-upand Energy Efficiency:Based on 35 Industrial Sectors of theEmpirical Study[J].International Trade,2008,(6):7-15.]
- [8]王秋彬.工业行业能源效率与工业结构优化升级——基于2000-2006年省际面板数据的实证研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2010,(10):49-63.[Wang Qiubin.Industrial EnergyEfficiency and Industrial Structure Upgrading[J].QuantitativeEconomics and Technical Economics Studies,2010,(10):49-63.]
- [9]袁晓玲,张宝山,杨万平.基于环境污染的中国全要素能源效率研究[J].中国工业经济,2009,(2):76-86.[Yuan Xiaoling,Zhang Baoshan,Yang Wanping.The Total Factor Energy EfficiencyMeasurement of China Based on Environmental Pollution[J].ChinaIndustrial Economics,2009,(2):76-86.]
- [10]汪克亮,杨宝臣,杨力.考虑环境效应的中国省际全要素能源效率研究[J].管理科学,2010,(12):100-111.[Wang Keliang,Yang Baochen,Yang Li.China's Provincial Total-factor EnergyEfficiency Considering Environmental Effects[J].Journal ofManagement Science,2010,(12):100-111.]
- [11]Caves D W,Christensen L R,Diewert W E.Multi-lateralCompositions of Output,Input and Productivity Using SuperlativeIndex Numbers[J].Economic Journal,1982,9(2):273-286.
- [12]Fare R,Grosskopf S,Norrism,et al.Productivity Growth,Technical Progress,and Efficiency Change in IndustrializedCountries[J].American Economic Review,1994,84(1):66-83.
- [13]Liang L,Li Y J,Li S B.Increasing the Discriminatory Power of DEAin the Presence of the Undesirable Outputs and Large Dimensionalityof Data Sets with PCA[J].Expert System with Applications,2009,36(3):5895-5899.
- [14]Yeh T L,Chen T Y,Lai P Y.A Comparative Study of EnergyUtilization Efficiency between Taiwan and China[J].Energy Policy,2010,38(5):1-8.
- [15]王秋彬.工业行业能源效率与工业结构优化升级——基于2000-2006年省际面板数据的实证研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2010,(10):49-63.[Wang Q B.Industrial EnergyEfficiency and Industrial Structure Upgrading[J].QuantitativeEconomic and Technical Economic Studies,2010,(10):49-63.]
- [16]Miketa A,Mulder P.Energy Productivity across Developed andDeveloping Countries in 10 Manufacturing Sectors:Patterns ofGrowth and Convergence[J].Energy Economics,2005,27(3):429-453.
- [17]宫俊涛,孙林岩.中国制造业省际全要素生产率变动分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008,(4):97-130.[Gong Juntao,SunLinyan.China's Manufacturing Industry Inter-provincial Analysis ofChanges in Total Factor Productivity[J].Quantitative Economicsand Technical Economics Studies,2008,(4):97-130.]
- [18]沈能.中国制造业全要素生产率地区空间差异的实证研究[J].中国软科学,2006,(6):101-110.[Shen Neng.China'sManufacturing Total Factor Productivity Differences between Regionsof Space Empirical Study[J].China Soft Science Journal,2006,(6):101-110.]
- [19]万兴,范金,胡汉辉.江苏制造业TFP增长、技术进步及效率变动分析——基于SFA和DEA方法的比较[J].系统管理学报,2007,(5):1-10.[Wan Xing,Fan Jin,Hu Hanhui.JiangsuManufacturing TFP Growth,Technological Progress and EfficiencyChange Analysis:based on the Comparison of SFA and DEAMethods[J].System Management Journal,2007,(5):1-10.]
- [20]涂正革.资源、环境与工业增长的协调性[J].经济研究,2008,(2):93-105.[Tu Zhengge.Coordination of Resources,Environment and Industrial Growth[J].Economic Research Journal,2008,(2):93-105.]
- [21]徐盈之,赵豫.中国信息制造业全要素生产率变动、区域差异与影响因素[J].中国工业经济,2007,(10):45-52.[Xu Yingzhi,Zhao Yu.China's Information Industry Total Factor ProductivityChanges,Regional Differences and Influencing Factors[J].ChinaIndustrial Economy Journal,2007,(10):45-52.]