徐志刚,张炯,仇焕广

• 1:南京农业大学经济管理学院
• 2:中国人民大学农村发展学院

摘要(Abstract)：

面临严峻的农村面源污染形势,政府现行的"自上而下"的治理模式无法实现有效监督。构建自主治理制度,激励农户践行亲环境行为,将成为未来解决农村环境问题的路径选择之一。如何有效规范农户污染处理行为,成为目前亟待解决的问题。文章基于声誉理论构建理论分析模型,从微观层面分析了在农村"熟人社会"场域下,农户声誉诉求对其亲环境行为的影响机制。以农户家禽养殖污染处理行为为例,利用全国8个省330户家禽养殖户的调查数据,通过4个指标测度了农户社会声誉诉求的强弱,并通过主成分分析和加权平均方法分别构建了农户声誉诉求的综合指数。在此基础上,应用Probit计量经济模型,实证检验了声誉诉求对养殖户污染物废弃行为存在抑制作用的假说,并比较了现行政府规制措施的实施效果。实证研究结果表明:1农户声誉诉求对其亲环境行为存在显著的促进作用;2政府引导对养殖户污染物废弃的抑制作用显著,而政府管制措施却未表现出显著影响。基于此,本文得出如下结论:第一,个人对声誉关注程度越高,违反社会准则的成本就越高,个人就有越强的动机遵守社会规范、自我约束污染物废弃行为。"熟人社会"的农村社区中存在较强的社会规制作用和社区成员参与公共环境自觉维护的激励机制。第二,在强制性环境管制难以有效实现的农村环境下,政府通过引导和宣传诱致农户自觉践行亲环境行为,构建环境自我监督机制,或可成为农村环境治理的有效途径。强化社区成员声誉效用和社会责任意识可成为乡村环境治理相关法律和公共管理制度建设的重要补充。

关键词(KeyWords)： 声誉诉求;熟人社会;亲环境;家禽污染物

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目“养殖模式和饲养效率变化对我国饲料粮增长及粮食安全的影响研究”(批准号:71173204);国家自然科学基金项目“区域农业发展与农产品市场政策”(批准号:71222302);; 中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(批准号:ASTIP-IAED-2015-03);; 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(批准号:PAPD);; 南京农业大学中国粮食安全研究中心支持项目

作者(Author): 徐志刚,张炯,仇焕广

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